{"product_id":"bailey-lovie-reading-charts","title":"Bailey-Lovie Reading Charts","description":"\u003cp\u003eThis new set of Bailey-Lovie 2019 reading charts follow the design principles from the original Bailey-Lovie.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Bailey-Lovie principles ensure that the visual task remains essentially the same at each size level.  That is, from one size level to the next, size is the only significant variable. This requires a logarithmic (constant ratio) progression of print size, and a standardized layout at each size level. (same number of letters or words, same spacing ratios, same number of rows, same font,). With reading charts, the words and sentences, paragraphs or passages should be chosen or designed so that the content and difficulty of the reading task has minimal variation from one size sample to the next. One major advantage of charts with these design characteristics is that the standardization of the task facilitates the assessment of reading speed as a function of print size.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cu\u003eWord \u0026amp; Sentence Reading Charts\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/u\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003eThe charts may be used for measuring reading acuity and for testing reading speed as a function of the size of the print.\u003cbr\u003e\nSentences are more representative of real-world reading tasks than are the sets of unrelated words.\u003cbr\u003e\nOne can think of the sentence-reading charts as mainly testing the ability to read, and the word-reading charts as mainly testing the ability to see to read.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cu\u003eChart design\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/u\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003eThese charts are in the English language.\u003cbr\u003e\nThe Word charts use unrelated words and, at each size level, there are 10 words arranged in two rows.\u003cbr\u003e\nThe Sentence charts use sentences that have 60-character spaces arranged in two rows.\u003cbr\u003e\nThe words and sentences are at the third-grade level and they were selected or composed by schoolteachers.\u003cbr\u003e\nThe layout has left justification and there is close spacing from one size level to the next.\u003cbr\u003e\nThe size progression is in increments of 0.10 log units (ratio ≈ 1.26).\u003cbr\u003e\nThe font is Times New Roman and the sizes range from 5.0 M to 0.16 M (44 to 1.4 points).\u003cbr\u003e\nPrint sizes are labeled in M-units (the distance in meters at which the lower-case letters subtend 5 arcminutes) and in typography points.\u003cbr\u003e\nThere are also VAR labels for designating visual acuity and these have been calibrated for a viewing distance of 40 cm.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cu\u003eVisual acuity demands for reading typeset materials depend on print size and viewing distance\u003c\/u\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\nVisual acuity is an angular measurement. When measuring reading acuity, the visual acuity scores depend on both the size of the print and the viewing distance.\u003cbr\u003e\nWhen considering reading speed as a function of print size, the primary variable is the angular size of the print.\u003cbr\u003e\nThus, it is important to note the viewing distance(s) as well as the height(s) of the print being read.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cu\u003eGood focus should be maintained.\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/u\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003eWhen testing reading performance, the test cards are at near and vision should be in good focus.\u003cbr\u003e\nYoung patients usually have sufficient accommodation to achieve in-focus vision for most viewing distances.\u003cbr\u003e\nOlder patients often require a reading addition, or a combination of add power and accommodation, in order to achieve good focus.\u003cbr\u003e\nIf changes in viewing distance are permitted, lens changes may be necessary to maintain good focus.\u003cbr\u003e\nMost, but not all, testing of reading speed as a function of print size is performed with the test card at a fixed distance.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cu\u003eReading Speeds\u003c\/u\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\nThe Bailey-Lovie charts are designed so the patient can read without pausing as they go from one size level to the next.\u003cbr\u003e\nReading in this continuous style improves the precision of timing the reading performance because it avoids the uncertainty or “noise” associated with the patient beginning and ending each reading task.\u003cbr\u003e\nReading speeds can be measured in several different ways. Patients may be instructed to read silently or aloud.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cu\u003eReading efficiency as a function of print size\u003c\/u\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003cbr\u003e\nFor silent reading, speeds may be monitored objectively using eye-movements.\u003cbr\u003e\nReadings speeds are usually significantly faster for reading silently than for reading aloud.\u003cbr\u003e\nEye-movements can be monitored electronically so that each eye-movement is recorded.\u003cbr\u003e\nLarge right-to-left return saccades mark the end of reading of one row of print and beginning the next.\u003cbr\u003e\nWith two rows of print at each size, the time taken to read each print sample will be the time between two successive return saccades.\u003cbr\u003e\nFrom eye-movement recordings, times to read each print size is easily measured and reading speeds can be calculated.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA similar, but less precise approach is for the clinician to watch the eye-movements as the patient reads aloud.\u003cbr\u003e\nUsing a stop-watch in lap-time mode, the clinician can see the return saccades, record times and determine reading speeds for the different size levels.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA simpler method is for the clinician to listen to the patient reading aloud, and use a stopwatch in lap-time mode, pressing the button each time the patient reads out the last word of each print-size sample.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePerhaps the most common clinical practice is for the clinician make to subjective qualitative judgments about reading efficiency and the confidence that patient exhibits as they read at each print size. The clinician hears the pattern of the reading becoming slower and the confidence diminishing as the print size approaches the patient’s resolution limit.\u003cbr\u003e\nAt large print sizes, patients may read with their maximum efficiency, but as the print size progressively becomes smaller, the reading efficiency systematically declines and reading speeds becomes slower.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cu\u003eReading times and words per minute\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/u\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003eMost smart-phone devices have a clock function that includes a lap-timer. Stop-watches are inexpensive.\u003cbr\u003e\nElectronic timers in lap-time mode can give a list of the times taken between consecutive button presses.\u003cbr\u003e\nTypically, with these reading charts, the timer will show a list of the times taken to read the print at each size level.\u003cbr\u003e\nThe times can easily be converted to reading speed expressed in words per minute.\u003cbr\u003e\nOn the word-reading chart, there are 10 words on the word-reading chart at each size level.\u003cbr\u003e\nOn the sentence reading chart there are 60-character spaces, and it is common practice to assume that 6 characters represent a standard-length word. Each sentence can be considered to be equivalent to 10 words.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Bailey-Lovie","offers":[{"title":"Chart 1 \/ Sentences","offer_id":45921512554657,"sku":"4502","price":46.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Chart 2 \/ Sentences","offer_id":45921512587425,"sku":"4503","price":46.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Chart 3 \/ Sentences","offer_id":45921512620193,"sku":"4504","price":46.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Chart 1 \/ Words","offer_id":45921512652961,"sku":"4505","price":46.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Chart 2 \/ Words","offer_id":45921512685729,"sku":"4506","price":46.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Chart 3 \/ Words","offer_id":45921512718497,"sku":"4507","price":46.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0718\/4321\/7569\/files\/4504-Web-scaled-1.jpg?v=1776157247","url":"https:\/\/precision-vision.com\/products\/bailey-lovie-reading-charts","provider":"Precision Vision","version":"1.0","type":"link"}